History Of Optic Fiber Usage Information Technology Essay

History Of Optic Fiber Usage Information Technology Essay The possibility of fiber optics correspondence framework is fundamentally sending data through light. Optical fiber was first evolved in 1970 as an essential correspondence reason with a low constriction as transmitting light through fiber optics link for significant distance correspondence. In 1975, the main business fiber optics correspondence framework was created utilizing semiconductor laser and worked at 0.8 Â µm frequency and a piece pace of 45 Mbps (Mega bits every second) up to 10 km (Elion 1978) (Sullivan Curt 2003). In long sea shore California was the primary live phone traffic sent at around 6 Mbps and it was in 1977. From that point forward, ages of fiber optics framework advances were created, improved, and moved up to accomplish the main transoceanic activity in 1988. All fiber optics frameworks are restricted by something many refer to as scattering. The underlying idea of fiber optics was an investigation including a basin of water and daylight. It showed the suns reflection inside the pail with a gap and water spilling out lighting up the water and the daylight can be found in the surge of water (Elion 1978). At that point it proceeded onward to optical voice transmission known as photograph telephone. Further, it went to fiberscope that was utilized to assess welds inside reactor vessels, ignition offices of the stream motors, and afterward to the clinical field used in laparoscopic medical procedure. Investigates and upgrades proceeded through the fiber optics ages to conquer the scattering marvels by utilizing scattering moved strands to limit the scattering at 1.55 Â µm or by restricting the laser range to a solitary longitudinal mode (Alwayn 2004) (Sullivan Curt 2003). Using fiber optical intensification accompanied the improvement of the fifth era. The enhancement advancement diminished the need of utilizing repeaters and frequency division multiplexing (WDM); which will be portrayed in subtleties later; and builds the information limit. By these turns of events, a piece pace of 10 Tb/s was accomplished in 2001. The advancements of fiber optics ages are a consistent activity to particularly for the colossal market of the web interchanges which requires an expansion in correspondences data transfer capacity, for example, video on request. These developing in utilizing web convention information traffic are expanding one next to the other with quicker rate coordinated frameworks unpredictability. (Elion 1978) Fiber optics producers had decreased the expense by the gigantic solicitation of correspondence organizations, for example, ATT to exploit conveying the innovation of web and phone through higher information broadband administrations to clients homes (Sullivan Curt 2003) (Snell 1996). Fiber optics is as of now being utilized these days in military and business airplane, and a portion of the regions it through and through supplanted the Digital Flight Data Recorder with the more up to date Distributed Flight Data Acquisition Unit that plays out something very similar yet assesses considerably more data. For sure, future airplanes will see fiber optics innovation in the flight controls. Fiber optics has developed essentially from thoughts to a thing of things to come (Alwayn 2004) (Elion 1978). Fiber optics Application The interest and utilization of optical fiber has developed quickly and optical fiber applications are various. Going from worldwide systems to work area workstation, media transmission applications are across the board. These include the transmission of information, voice, or video across separations of not exactly a meter to a large number of kilometers by using one of a couple of standard fiber structures inside one of a few link plans. Optical strands are utilized via bearers to convey plain old telephone utility (POTS) over their across the country organizes. Besides, nearby trade bearers (LECs) utilize fiber to convey a similar help across focal office switches at neighborhood levels and frequently to the extent the individual home (fiber to the home, FTTH) or neighborhood (Alwayn 2004) (Elion 1978). In addition, optical fiber has a boundless use in transmission of information. Worldwide firms require solid and secure frameworks for moving information and monetary data among structures to the PCs of work area terminals and around the globe. Fiber is additionally utilized by link broadcasting organizations so as to convey advanced video and information administrations. Because of the high transmission capacity offered by fiber, it is the perfect decision for transmitting broadband signs like the top notch TV broadcasts. Besides, clever transportations frameworks incorporating keen roadways furnished with smart traffic signals, variable message signs, and computerized fee collection counters, additionally use telemetry frameworks dependent on fiber-optics (Alwayn 2004) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Biomedical industry is another huge utilization of optical fiber. Fiber-optic frameworks are utilized in practically all advanced telemedicine frameworks and gadgets for transmission of computerized indicative pictures. Furthermore, different applications for optical fiber likewise incorporate military, space, mechanical and the car part (Elion 1978) (Snell 1996). Fiber optics correspondence innovation is utilized by todays media communications organizations, for example, ATT in the United States and BT in the UK. Likewise it is utilized by internet services and digital TV signal suppliers, for example, Sky. For the tremendous cost of fiber optics framework, the innovation was first utilized for significant distance correspondence as it were. Be that as it may, presently days improvements of the urban areas framework needed to occur to introduce the fiber optics correspondence framework paying little mind to the expense and tedious. The test of fiber optics innovation organizations was thought about decidedly the market and the expense of fiber optics correspondences dropped impressively (Alwayn 2004) (Elion 1978) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). By the improvements of optical enhancement framework, an intercontinental system of 250,000 km of submarine-correspondence link was created with a limit of about 2.5 Tb/s was accomplished. Additionally, the optical correspondence framework was introduced installed airplanes for information, video, and radio signs correspondence. It was first acquainted with aeronautics industry by NASA investigates on military airplanes, for example, the primary F/A-18 hornet through its RTDP; radar following and recognizing framework processor, rocket video following framework, and with the FLIR framework; forward looking infra red sensor, and the incorporated radar framework with sped up and memory limit. Military airplanes are consistently deprived to lessen weight when it is in smooth stage to improve its capacity of moving and conveying different kinds of arms in an extremely exact focusing on and precise direction. Of late, this innovation was utilized on the F-22 airforce raptor on its rapid information transport and fiber optics handset (Alwayn 2004). This thought was pondered the common airplanes later on as they generally deprived to diminish weight to conquer the fuel use an d convey bigger number of travelers which means setting aside cash and expanding benefits. Other than that, the new flying frameworks innovation and unpredictability required new correspondence framework other than the copper wires, for example, the ordinary ARINCs (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Boeing and Airbus grew complex coordinated frameworks that control the airplane execution at a height of 30,000 ft or more which required greater and increasingly convoluted correspondence frameworks which implies: Increasingly possibility of shorting the wires. More EMI (electro-attractive impedance) which can cause a contortion for the signs More weight Progressively possibility of shorting and cause starts and fire ready and airplane The main authority utilization of fiber optics innovation use was ready the Boeing 777 after the improvement of its AIMS (Aircraft Information Management System) which have in excess of 2 million of PC codes. Likewise Boeing 777 was the main airplane to introduce an optical LAN (neighborhood) for on-board information correspondence and on its lodge frameworks interchanges (Sullivan Curt 2003) (Snell 1996). From that point forward, fiber optics framework was introduced on the Boeing 757 flown via Air Mexico who didn't encounter a solitary disappointment. So here comes the security, unwavering quality, solidness and strength of signs correspondences on-board an airplane which can make the moderateness part insignificant. We need to make reference to that the expense of optical fiber frameworks are dropping for the foundations and showcasing rivalry of enormous number of producers and providers (Alwayn 2004) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Fiber Optics versus Electrical Copper Wires: On a very basic level, there are three kinds of transmission media: copper wires, waveguides and free space. Copper wire, for example, coaxial link is extensively utilized. A sign is transmitted over the wire in either computerized or simple structure to a recipient set toward the finish of the wire. Free-space transmission is additionally generally utilized through which radio, TV and different over the-air signals are conveyed. Waveguides portray the fiber-optic transmission. Essentially, a waveguide, for example, an optical fiber controls the electromagnetic radiation, light (Bidgoli 2010). Fiber optic transmission gives the best components of both free-space and coaxial transmission. It is fit for conveying a sign from direct A toward point B without any restricted electromagnetic range. Regardless, it doesn't experience the ill effects of constrained information rate and data transfer capacity is a similar route as the coaxial links do. The upsides of fiber optics framework over the copper wires are: No Electro-Magnetic-Interference (EMI). No radio-Frequency-impedance (EMF). Invulnerability from electromagnetic clamor High Signal quality Lighter weight links Longer separation capacity (Bidgoli 2010) Littler measurement links which mean sparing more space. More noteworthy transmission capacity for information move Security against shorting and starting High transfer speed and more noteworthy data limit Simple overhaul: Can be updated simpler without tearing and replacin

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human asset - Essay Example He is an expert on the issues of profession improvement programs. The other scientist specifically Veerle Brenninkmeijer is the associate teacher at Utrecht University. She works in the division of social and Organizational Psychology. She has taken a shot at the parts of social examination and burnout of workers. Wilmar B. Schaufeli is likewise the full teacher of work and authoritative brain science at the Utrecht University. The college is situated in Netherlands. Mr. Schaufeli is likewise the meeting educator at the Loughborough Business School in the United Kingdom. He additionally functions as low maintenance association advisor. Roland W. B. Blonk got his instruction in the subject of Clinical Philosophy in the University of Amsterdam. Mr. Blonk has a doctorate on the treatment of result considers. He likewise holds a unique seat at the Utrecht University on two distinctive research papers. The article has been distributed as an online article in the 2014 Under Human asset the board in Wiley periodicals consolidated. Subsequently the article can be supposed to be an ongoing article in this field (Akkermans, Brenninkmeijer, Schaufeli, and Blonk, 2014). The article depends on the examination concerning the viability of careerSkills program which is a vocation advancement development that depends on the profession capabilities and Jobs approach. The point of the new program that has been created is to invigorate vocation self-administration and prosperity of the new workers in an association. The specialists tasted the effectives of the program by testing the program on a homogeneous gathering of individuals. The vocation improvement of the people was concentrated by the analysts and the adequacy of the profession advancement programs extraordinarily the program that was tried by the specialists. The article that is given here shows the aftereffect of the examination by the scientists in the field. The article in the online source is given with the examination of the exploration in the field on the preparation and

Why Is There No Water

Why Is There No Water Rain A lot of people living in the United States don’t understand how complicated water is. I created this post as a sort of quick-guide to water, and the complexity of getting water to places that don’t have it. I was inspired to write this post by a tumblr question I received while in Ethiopia this summer. I feel like it pretty much embodies all the questions I’ve ever been asked about the water project that I’ve been working on (you can read more about that here if you want!) For context, Muti is the village in Kaffa, Ethiopia where Ive been doing the water project. Let’s break down this question into a few topics. First, what does “no water” mean? Second, what about natural water options such as rain, streams, and rivers? Third, how do people “get” water? And lastly, this question wasnt asked, why is it important to have water? “No Water” A spring in Warwara, Kaffa, where residents walk to collect drinking water. It is unprotected and naturally purified (like a naturally clean mountain spring). My two cousins collect water from it in a plastic bottle to take home.   First, no water, of course, is a relative term. Obviously theres some kind of water somewhere if there are people living there, because thats one of the requirements for us to just physically be alive and things. There is no one living in the middle of the driest parts of the Sahara for this reasonâ€"that’s maybe one of very few places that literally has no water. When you or I or even people living in Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia) might mean when we say, there is no water is that the water from our faucets has stopped running for some reason, maybe because a water bill went unpaid or theres a problem with the water pipes for the area or someones doing plumbing maintenance in the building. When people in the rural areas of Kaffa say a place has no water, they mean there are no major clean or human-influenced water features. People in a region with no water are drinking/washing/living out of ponds, streams, lakes, etc. Some might have rain bins if its a rainy place, but thats typically not enough and also still quite unclean. Many homes or communities have small, shared wells: hand-dug wells that 4-5 houses share between them for non-drinking uses. Often, the shared shallow wells are too shallow to have water year-round (typically drying out in the dry season) and the digging of these wells can be a very dangerous operation. Muti and the Kaffa region overall gets a ton of rain, which is great because we don’t have to worry about water for crop irrigation. But, there’s still “no water” for people to drink, cook, or wash with in many places there. Rain A (broken) roto tank used to collect rainwater in Wushwush, sitting in the front yard waiting to be fixed.   I’ve been surprised, while telling people about this project, at how little people seem to understand rain and its effects on drinking water. I later realized that the issues with rain were only intuitive to me because of the summers I myself spent in Kafa, visiting and living with our family, collecting water from the river. Rain itself not clean!!! A lot of people immediately ask about rain collection methods when I say Kaffa is a very rainy place, because they think rain must be clean and so rain collection might be an easy, obvious solution. In actuality, rain collects dust particles as it falls through the air, and in an almost tropical, forest-environment such as Kafa’s, rainstorms kick up a lot of dirt and bugs and leaves that are just as likely to get into a rain bin as the waterâ€"the larger the container, the more likely contaminants will enter. Water collected in a large enough container also becomes stagnant when the rain stops, which even in a matter of days breeds bacteria and mosquitos and can actually become much worse than running river water. So, you cant just have a giant rain collector without any filtering or covering or some more complicated structure as a solution. Rain collection is a type of solution to water issues that lots of people work on researching, but my point is, it’ s not as though you can simply buy a very large bin and solve everyone’s problems. Where people do use rain bins in Kafa, they are relatively small, the size (as I said) being limited by potential contaminants or the effects of stagnating. People also do not typically use this rainwater for drinking or cookingâ€"they would actually prefer to use the water fetched from the river for that. Another surprising point about rain is that rainstorms actually cause water problems, especially in rivers and especially in forest environments. For example, let’s say there’s only one water source for a 5-mile radius, a river. After a storm, the river might swell. When the river swells, it will flood the banks slightly and bring into the river all the dirt and plants and bugs and debris that lives/rests on the bank of the river. The increase in water flow will also kick up the sediment at the bottom of the river. The river, in short, actually becomes dirtier than it was before because of the rain. And how much dirtier it becomes depends on how big the rainstorm was. Even by the standards of people living in Kafa, the water after a really big storm can become undrinkable, impossible to boil or processâ€"you will dip a cup or container into the river and get a muddy, viscous mixture of water, sand, and dirt because of the swell. It can take days for the effects of a large enough swell to pass. I remember this actually happening to me once, when I was visiting my family in our village, Warwara, which didn’t have any water when I was a kid. It had rained the day before. I went with my cousins to fetch water, and the usual bank where we fill the containers was muddy and thick with debris. We had to walk a bit along the river to find a cleaner spot, and the water we collected was still visibly cloudier than before. So rain, on its own, is not as pure and life-giving as some might think. Rivers, Streams, and Lakes, Oh My! The road through the forest. During the rainy season, it looks like this, and residents travel on paths such as these to simply get from point A to point B, including to collect water (which means returning with heavy containers)   Besides issues with rain, there are several other problems with surface water such as rivers, streams, and lakes. From the perspective of residents of Kaffa, the biggest issue with surface water is accessibility. There are not typically 5 rivers in a 5-mile radius, or a river that conveniently loops around every mileâ€"there’s just one river, and how accessible it is depends on how far you live from it. Rivers are also often in valleys or the sides of hills, difficult to even walk up or down to. Many places in the region now “have water” simply because a ground pipe system was implemented to distribute the river water throughout the town. The pipes simply operate via pressure and gravityâ€"smaller pipe widths provide enough pressure to “push” water uphill when a larger volume is fed into it. Ponds and lakes (well, there aren’t really any lakes in Kaffa) are not considered drinkable waterâ€"the people are aware of the many, many problems of stagnant water. And it’s not hard to tell if water is unfit for use, as any ponds in the area are typically blanketed with algae and unpleasant growth anyway. When we talk about distance in cities like Addis Ababa or Boston, we might say “30 minutes on the T” or “2 taxis away” or “15 minutes by car”. When we talk about distance in Kaffa, it is always in terms of walking. It’s not even that people don’t have carsâ€"there aren’t even roads that cars could drive on. 5 miles, therefore, is a lot more in Kaffa than it is in Boston or Addis Ababa. How do people “get” water? I was surprised and confused the most by the part of this question that said, “what is preventing Muti from having water?” To me, that’s like saying, “what is preventing Muti from having a skyscraper?” Hopefully it’s become clear from the rest of this article that “having water” means having a human-influenced structure, as it’s difficult to subsist off of natural resources. So, the issue is not so much that something is “preventing” Muti from having water, it’s more like, well, who’s going to create the water structure? Where does it come from? How much does it cost? How much time will it takeâ€"and how much time will it last? When we build anything, it is a constant battle to keep it working properly (my fellow Course 2’s know this fact well). I find it so interesting that this person used the word “preventing”â€"to me, it shows how in many places, we take water for granted. There is only “no water” because of an exceptional eventâ€"maintenance, unpaid bills, a grid failure. Something has to happen in order for the water to disappear. In Kaffa, the reverse is trueâ€"something has to happen for the water to be there. We know so little about how our utilities get to usâ€"in fact, I can say with certainty that I know way more about the water situation in Kaffa than in Boston. How does water get to my bathroom faucet in New House? I have no idea where it comes from or from how far awayâ€"the Charles River, a reservoir, a filtering plant? Are the pipes directly beneath the building? Is there a hydraulic or electric system in place to pump it up four floors to where I live? What’s the ultimate sinkâ€"does it get drained into the Charles River, a reservoir, a filtering plant? Do you know where your water comes from? Do you even know how the water gets from the tank in your basement to your bathroom, just within your own house? Our water systems in the United States are vast and complex and work very wellâ€"but this also makes them invisible to us, so maybe when we hear about lacking water in other places, it is difficult to understand. I think it shows very well how having a privilege is not necessarily a concrete advantage that we can see or think about, it’s the privilege to not see or not think about so many things. Having a privilege or advantage can be the lack of certain suffering rather than the presence of wealth or status, which makes it so much more difficult to detect. Though our US water systems are vast and complex, that doesn’t mean that simpler infrastructure is cheap. As an immediate point of reference, another village nearby called Agaroboshe implemented a gravity/groundpipe system, in which water was piped from a high-up river and distributed throughout the town. That project, which was essentially varying-width pipes and concrete, cost $42,000 USD. A spring protection, one of the most basic types of water structures (you basically cover a small stream, using concrete to create a small clean reservoir thats filtered naturally by the sediment of the earthâ€"“protecting” the spring) can cost around $3,000 USD. Our target price for a hand-dug well in Muti is around $6,000 USD, and that’s because a lot of people have been nice to us, supplying discounted labor and materials. We’re also intentionally trying to design a cost-effective structure. And when I say “hand-dug”, it only means the actual hole-in-the-ground part is dug by han d and without a bore-hole machine. The well is still constructed with concrete and rebar and all that; that’s what’s needed for it to be a clean drinking water well. .and why is this all important? A broken spring protection in Muti. We are trying to solve the issue of spring protections failing too quickly (between 3 months to 3 years) in Muti by trying a different solution, a hand-dug well.   Here is what I found during the process of doing market research (which really just means, asking the same questions to lots and lots of people) in Muti: Children (as young as 5) are the ones who fetch water from rivers and streams. They can have lifetime health problems afterward from carrying the heavy containers back and forth. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. People (children) have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells (fortunately, not as often anymore because people are aware of this problem now and small children are not sent to fetch water from wells) During the rainy season, there’s an increase of typhus/typhoid infection due to the rain and river-swelling problems I discussed earlier I’m trying to also find (and prove, because I think it’s prove-able) correlations between education and socioeconomic status with water availability in rural Ethiopian towns and villages by looking at some regional data. Water is a really pervasive elements of our lives that we don’t even notice here in the US or (insert-industrial/developed-nation-here). Our society would collapse instantly if somehow, the water situation in the US was magically switched with Ethiopia’s. Coming back from this trip, I almost wondered if I should start awareness campaigning, because although xyz celebrity can get on a stage and talk about fundraising for water, I feel that there’s been little focus on actually educating others on how really, truly important and complex it is, and just how much it affects literally human being in the whole world. Period. I can use the phrase “affects literally every human being in the whole world” and have that sentence you just read be a true, factual st atement. So, I hope this post has given you some more insight into the basics of water! Water itself is simple, but the process of acquiring it, particularly clean, drinkable water, is far from an easy task. Post Tagged #Muti Water Project

The Importance Of A Carbohydrate And Its Effect On Human Body

Introduction A carbohydrate is consumed and used in our bodies by breaking it down, and making glucose. Glucose is a sugar that our body uses to give us energy. Carbohydrates generally provide us with fiber, vitamins and minerals. There are two kinds of carbohydrates: simple and complex. We get our simple carbohydrates from foods such as milk, lactose products, fruit, and sugar. Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, come from starches like cereal, bread, beans, potatoes, and starchy vegetables. The benedict test is used to indicate the reducing property of sugars. All simple sugars (glucose) are reducing sugars. They will react with a blue liquid called Benedict s solution to give a brick red color (positive). We can use this reaction to find out if a food or other substance contains a reducing sugar. The standard used for reducing sugar was glucose, and the control group was water. Polysaccharides are relatively complex carbohydrates. They are polymers made up of many monosaccha rides joined together by glycoside bonds. They are therefore very large, often branched, macromolecules. They tend to be amorphous, insoluble in water, and have no sweet taste. Starches are glucose polymers in which glucopyranose units are bonded by alpha-linkages. It is made up of a mixture of Amylose and Amylopectin. Amylose consists of a linear chain of several hundred glucose molecules and Amylopectin is a branched molecule made of several thousand glucose units. Glycogen is aShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Building Block Of Carbohydrates1573 Words   |  7 Pages POLYMER SCIENCE [Document subtitle] â€Æ' History of Carbohydrates- Carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients used in our diet and also protein-carbohydrate interactions are an essential component of cellular structure and function. Vegetables, food grains, fruits, many other dairy products naturally contain carbohydrates in various amounts. 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Essay on Hamlet As A Madman - 1396 Words

Hamlet is one of Shakespeareamp;#8217;s most analyzed plays. The Danish prince is developed into a mysterious and fascinating man. A philosopher and a fencer, he is a man disgusted with the rottenness of life around him and is obligated to set things right. Under the guise of madness he attempts to achieve his ends; yet there is much to puzzle over. Was Hamlet really such a good actor that he could fool everyone into believing in his madness or was he truly mad? And, why did he wait so long to carry out his revenge? Hamlet thinks too much and this drove him to an insanity that was not feigned. amp;#8220;amp;#8230; and the devil hath power/ To assume a pleasing shapeamp;#8230;; The ghost provides Hamlet with a dilemma. Supernatural†¦show more content†¦Hamlet may have even identified with the fact that he had just killed a man who had no opportunity to defend himself which is quite similar to the way his father was not able to defend himself when he was murdered. Before the blood has had time to settle the ghost revisits Hamlet, reminding him of his task. This time, the ghost is a figment of Hamletamp;#8217;s insanity. Hamlet has what appears to be a fit of lunacy at this point in which he makes accusations of his mother who begs him to stop, yet he does not. He then hides the corpse, only to reveal its location to Claudius later by telling him where he would amp;#8220;nose him; if he went unfound for long. Hamlet even admits to killing Polonius in what he calls amp;#8220;a fit of madness;. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A psychotic has several symptoms the first of which is hallucinations. A hallucination is when you see or hear something that is not really there. The second symptom is paranoia, which is the constant feeling that someone is watching you or plotting against you. Third, psychotics tend to ramble on and on during which their emotions change rapidly and adversely. The final symptom exhibited by psychotics is illusions of grandeur. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hamlet hallucinating is very obvious during his visit to his mother after Poloniusamp;#8217; death. Hamlet sees what appears to be the ghost of his dead father. Yet when Hamlet asks his mother ifShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeares Hamlet is both Madman and Genious1101 Words   |  5 PagesMadman or Genius? Scholars have been disputing the sanity of Hamlet, for over four hundred years, in the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare. Is he an insane madman or a vengeful, devious, genius? There are many contradictory ideas and theories on Hamlet’s so called psychosis, his procrastination in avenging his father’s death, and his actions towards his mother. In the first act Hamlet seems to be in a perfectly sane state of mind. 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As the play develops, Hamlets act of being a madman becomes more and more believab leRead MoreSanity in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a play about a man who has had a father killed by his uncle, after this act of treachery the uncle then marries Hamlet’s mother. Hamlet is sane in this play because prior to going â€Å"insane† he informs us he is going to. If Hamlet were truly insane he would not be able to tell others that he is going to act insane as of a certain point in time. Hamlet would try to deny insanity, not pride himself in the fact that he is insane. Hamlet uses insanity

John Locke †Philosophy Free Essays

â€Å"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom† – John Locke. What I feel that John Locke is attempting to express in his quote is that society believes that by having laws in place the government is taking away from the freedom they long to endure. We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke – Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, by having laws in place it actually helps to enforce their rights to freedom. I chose John Locke as my topic for my final paper because I have taken an interest in the life he led, his inspirations and his role in politics. Read Essay In Westminster Abbey Analysis John Locke was the first of the classical British empiricists. Empiricists believed that all knowledge derives from experience. He became highly influential to the political world, inspiring government representatives such as Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine and James Madison. Locke expressed the radical view that government is morally obliged to serve people by protecting life, liberty and property (n. a, n. d). He explained the principle of checks and balances in order to limit the power of government. He also favored representative government and rule of law. Locke insisted that when government violates individual rights, the people have a right to rebel. His views on individual rights, life, happiness and politics led Locke to become known as the 17th century English Philosopher of the enlightenment. John Locke was born August 29, 1632, in Somerset, England. He was the oldest son of Agnes Keene and John Locke. His father was a Puritan lawyer who served as a clerk for justices of the peace (n. a. , n. d). With the assistance of his father’s connections to the English government, Locke received an exceptional education. In 1647 he enrolled at Westminster School in London, where he earned his distinct honor of being named a King’s Scholar. This was a privilege that went to only select number of boys and set the path for Locke to attend Christ Church, Oxford in 1652 (n. a. , n. d). Christ Church is considered the most prestigious school in Oxford. During this educational time period, Locke engaged in logic and metaphysics. He graduated from Christ Church in 1656 and returned two years later to pursue a Masters of the Arts. This accomplishment soon led to Locke taking on tutorial work at the college. In 1668 Locke was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. The Royal Society is a fellowship of the world’s most eminent scientist and is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence (n. a. ,n. d. ). Locke then went on to study philosophy and medicine at the University of Oxford and graduated in 1674 with a bachelor’s of medicine. Locke did not want to commit his life to a religious order and therefore turned down a permanent teaching position from Oxford. This opened the doors to an opportunity serving as a private physician and secretary to Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury (Kermerling, 2011). During the summer of 1666, Anthony Ashley Cooper visited Oxford where he met Locke who was at the time studying medicine. Cooper, who was suffering from a liver cyst which threatened to become swollen and infected, requested that Locke be his personal physician. Locke accepted and soon moved into a room at the Cooper’s Exeter House mansion in Westminster, London. Cooper’s condition worsened and Locke was in a position of opportunity to heal the Earl successfully. In 1668, Locke supervised a successfully surgery and save the life of Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury. This honorable act led Locke to become a valued partner of Shaftesbury. After Shaftesbury stature grew, so did Locke’s responsibilities. He assisted in the Earl’s business and political matters and after Shaftsbury was made chancellor, Locke became his secretary of presentations. Locke was involved in just about everything that Shaftsbury did. This included the formation of the Whig party. The Whig party was a political group which consisted of politicians from America, England and Scotland who opposed King Charles I of England. Locke maintained correspondence with the party to assist with influencing Parliamentary elections. Shaftsbury was imprisoned for a year and on his release he helped pass the Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 which made it unlawful for government to detain a person without filing formal charges. The act also specified that an individual could not be put on trial for the same charge more than once (n. a. ,n. d). Shaftesbury was a strong influence to John Locke and helped pave his way for future success through experience – Empiricist. During the reign of King Charles II it was illegal to write, read or have books in one’s possession that pertained to any negative press against the government. Although it was risky, Locke continued his mission. He wrote about his experience with political actions. One treatise attached a claim that the Bible sanctioned tyrants and that parents had absolute authority over children. A second treatise presented an epic case for liberty and the right of people to rebel against tyrants. He pushed to a radical conclusion which attacked slavery and a defense of revolution (n. a. , n. d. ). Locke fled to Rotterdam on September 7, 1683 to avoid legal action (n. a. , n. d. ). The English government tried to have Locke extradited for trial and possible hanging. Lock fled to London and assumed the name â€Å"Dr. van der Linden. † He signed letters as â€Å"Lamy† or â€Å"Dr. Lynne† (n. a. ,n. d. ). Locke assumed that the government would intercept mail, so he protected friends by referring to them with numbers or false names. His excuse to friends for moving to Holland was that he enjoyed the local beer. In Holland, Locke began to work on his philosophical masterpiece, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding which urged people to base their convictions on observation and reason. His argument was that all ideas, simple or complex, are ultimately derived from experience. He challenged the traditional doctrine that learning consisted entirely of reading ancient texts and absorbing religious dogmas (n. . , n. d. ). He maintained that understanding that the world required observation. The essay was published in December 1689, and established Locke as England’s leading philosopher. In the essay, Locke states the nature of his proposed doctrine: â€Å"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any i deas: – How comes it to be furnished? Whenced comes it by that vast store which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience. In that all our knowledge is founded. (Valasquez, 2011)† The book became one of the most widely reprinted and influential works on philosophy. It brought great fame for Locke. So much, that he spent the rest of his life responding to admirers and critics by making revisions in later editions of the book, including detailed accounts of human volition and moral freedom. Locke also published Two Treatise of Civil Government. These writings were published anonymously in order to avoid controversy. The First Treatise is a detailed rejection of the monarchist theories of Robert Filmer. Locke attacked Filmer’s claim that God sanctioned the absolute power of kings. During this time period, such an attack was risky since it could easily be prosecuted as an attack on the King Charles II. The Second Treatise of Government offers a systematic account of the foundations of political obligation. The views expressed within this treatise were so radical that he only released his name as publisher in his will. Locke’s writings did much to inspire the libertarian ideals of the American Revolution. This, in turn, set an example which inspired people throughout Europe, Latin America and Asia. Locke’s philosophy had a great effect on American’s as well. Thomas Jefferson ranked Locke as the most important thinkers on liberty. He also helped inspire Thomas Paine’s radical ideas about revolution. James Madison drew most of his fundamental principles of liberty and government from Locke’s writings. John Locke’s writings were also included in the self-education of Benjamin Franklin. John Adam’s believed that both girls and boys should learn about Locke. Locke’s influence even traveled to France where the French philosopher Voltaire called, â€Å"Locke the man of the greatest wisdom. What he has not seen clearly, I despair of ever seeing† (n. a. , n. d. ). Mathematician and physicist Isaac Newton cherished his company. Locke helped William Penn restore his good name when he was political fugitive, just as Penn had arranged a pardon for Locke when he had been a political fugitive. Locke was described by the famous English physician Dr. Thomas Sydenham as â€Å"a man whom, in the acuteness of his intellect, in the steadiness of his judgment, in the simplicity, that is, in the excellence of his manners, I confidently declare to have, amongst the men of our time, few equals and no superiors. n. a. , n. d. ). It is astonishing that Locke’s work has affected so many people around the world. He was an undistinguished Oxford scholar. He had a brief experience with a failed diplomatic mission. He was a physician who lacked traditional credentials and had only one patient. His first major work was not published until the age of 57. All of this and he is still one of the leading philosophers of all time. In 1691, John Locke is invited to spend his last years with friends Francis and Damaris Masham. Damaris is also a philosopher and is believed to have been romantically involved with Locke uring their study years at Oxford. When Locke left for Holland, Damaris was to visit; however it did not work out and she married Francis Masham (Uzgalis, 2012). During his stay with the Masham’s Locke tutored their son Francis, here he begins to work on his treaties Thoughts Concerning Education. Locke’s health gradually began to worsen. He lost most of his hearing and his legs began to swell. He could barely bring himself to rise from bed. Around 3:00 in the afternoon, Saturday, October 28, 1704 he passed away (n. a , n. d. ). He was sitting in his study with Lady Marsham. Suddenly, he brought his hands to his face, shut his eyes and died. He was 72 years old. Locke’s focus has primarily been based upon the ideas of freedom and equality as a whole. He believed that citizens should naturally possess the right to life, liberty and happiness, which is portrayed in the constitution of the United States. These undisputable rights or natural rights have derived from the law of nature. The law of nature is a state that relies purely on the law of God, which is also known as moral law. This law gave people the natural right to life, liberty, and happiness without question. In addition, Locke believed that people also possess the basic right of self-defense if under attack. However, Locke’s key aspect of his theories was the basic idea of equality. He said that nobody has the right to rule and that consent is critical because it’s based on the premises that all people are equal (Uzgalis, 2012). John Locke is still very much known as a political philosopher in today’s modern society. Because much of Locke’s philosophy centered on subjects such as natural rights and knowledge, he has in-turn shaped American politics in such a way that it has never been the same. Locke has challenged many theories that have to do with inalienable rights as a part of natural law; therefore he had much to do with the involvement in the evolution of the American Government. He taught that, men by nature possess certain rights. He had a tremendous influence on all future political thinking. A clear representation of his involvement is portrayed in the declaration of independence. John Locke was, and will always be remembered as a pioneer in modern thinking. How to cite John Locke – Philosophy, Papers

Black Dog Barking free essay sample

Airborne have returned with their third full length album Black Dog Barking and if you are at all familiar with any of Airbrushs past output and/or live shows, you can undoubtedly expect one thing; pure and unrelenting, breakneck, fist pumping, balls to the wall rock and roll! If you can say anything about the unashamedly AC/DC worshipping Airborne and the ten tracks theyve produced on Black Dog Barking, they know what works for them here and they have perfected it to an rotator.In fact, the bar has been set so high on this album that I really cant see how the band can outdo themselves on their next effort. The production has also been well and truly turned up a notch since asss No Guts No Glory, every riff, lyric and drum beat sounding more polished than ever before. After a sing-along intro. The self-explanatory first song, Ready to Rock, sets the tone exactly how rock fans would expect, immediately grabbing you by the scruff of the neck and preparing you for the onslaught that fol lows. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Dog Barking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Familiar below-the-belt themes make an re- appearance on Woman Like That and No One Fits Me (Better than You) and sure-to- be certain party-starters Mammalian and Firepower get the foot tapping and head banging at a frenetic pace. Live It up, the first single from the album, begins with a riff quite reminiscent of For Those About to Rock, accompanied by sounds of soaring aircraft and air sirens, lulling the listener into a false sense of security before kicking into what becomes another great rock anthem and perfect choice for first single and USIA video. Hungry is a definite album highlight for me. Starting with flamenco- style guitar flourishes, It quickly turns into a song much Like Motley Cruses Kickstand My Heart but even more lively and energetic If that Is even possible. Album closer and title track Black Dog Barking unrelentingly puts an end to proceedings, not before funneling the listener to submission with some amazing guitar solos and a chorus youll be singing along to long after the song has finished. Its almost

alcohol essays

alcohol essays ...A CAPITAL OR OTHERWISE INFAMOUS CRIME... ... NOR BE DEPRIVED OF LIFE ... WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW... THE DEATH PENALTY UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION BY PROTECTING THE PUBLIC AND RIDDING THE COUNTRY OF OFFENDERS WITH DUE PROCESS OF LAW. From 1882 through 1951 there were 4,730 recorded lynchings by vigilantes in the U.S, with many of them being highly public affairs. Even when miscreants were afforded a trial and executed in accordance with law, such events were often local in nature. For example, while states such as New York electrocuted condemned prisoners at Sing Sings electric chair as early as the late 19th century, in states such as Missouri hangings were conducted at local county jails as late as 1937. The race and the crime seem to play a huge role in the determination of the sentencing. For example if a black male had stolen like a candy bar out of a store, and got 10 years, that proves its more than likely an issue of race than the crime. But also if a black man murders someone, the death penalty is probably going to be a sentence, and a sentence of justice in my opinion. In a lot of state death penalty cases, the race of the victim is much more important than the prior criminal record of the defendant, or the actual circumstances of the crime. A study by the Bureau of Justice stated that more than one-half of people the people on death row are of color. Race and the crime are a very important factor in determining who is going to be sentenced to die. Several studies have been shown that the role of race in the death penalty, they include a study in 1990, a report from the General Accounting Office that stated that in 82 of the cases reviewed the race of the victim was found to influence the punishment for the crime. A black man who kills a white person is 11 times more likely to receive a death sentence than if a white person kills a black stated John Monty of the Bureau of Jus...

Free Essays on Nikeof Samothrace

Nike of Samothrace and the Portrayal of Nike in Greek Statuary "Styx, the daughter of Okeanos, lay in love with the giant Pallas (a Titan), and in his mansion gave birth to a Zelus (Emulation) and fair-ankled Nike (Victory) in the house. Also she brought forth Cratos (Strength) and Bia (Force), wonderful children." (Theogony, lines 383-385). From Theogony, the myth of Nike was born. She was depicted frequently through the centuries in Greek art. The style supports her depiction as commemorating a victory in the lives of the Greeks. One of her most famous renderings is called the â€Å"Winged Victory† or â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†. The Winged Victory was discovered in 1862 in Samothrace, Greece. Samothrace is an island claimed by the Micaneans. Much of the Nike is damaged. Originally the Nike was found in over 200 pieces with the base missing for decades. The head, right foot, and arms have never been recovered. Cracks from reconstruction cover the body. Still, much of the Nike has been restored to a recognizable and detailed sculpture. â€Å"†¦it was in the exedra or portico of the elevated Sanctuary of the Great Gods that this massive Nike was displayed, shown as if she were alighting on the prow of a ship. The sculpted prow itself was a set in a pool of water, whose surface must have been ruffled by sea breezes† (Spivey 207) The piece is a free standing sculpture made of Rhodesian marble. The date of the piece is highly debated because of the wide period that the style took place in. After the conquest of Alexander the Great, the High Classical style was frozen in time for centuries with few stylistic changes. However, most scholars attribute the work to have been commissioned between 300 BC and 31 BC by Demetreius, son of Alexander the Great. The cause for construction was a victory, most likely the great naval battle of Ptolemy off the islands of Cypriot Salamis and led by Demetreius. Demetreius was accepted as a self proclai... Free Essays on Nikeof Samothrace Free Essays on Nikeof Samothrace Nike of Samothrace and the Portrayal of Nike in Greek Statuary "Styx, the daughter of Okeanos, lay in love with the giant Pallas (a Titan), and in his mansion gave birth to a Zelus (Emulation) and fair-ankled Nike (Victory) in the house. Also she brought forth Cratos (Strength) and Bia (Force), wonderful children." (Theogony, lines 383-385). From Theogony, the myth of Nike was born. She was depicted frequently through the centuries in Greek art. The style supports her depiction as commemorating a victory in the lives of the Greeks. One of her most famous renderings is called the â€Å"Winged Victory† or â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†. The Winged Victory was discovered in 1862 in Samothrace, Greece. Samothrace is an island claimed by the Micaneans. Much of the Nike is damaged. Originally the Nike was found in over 200 pieces with the base missing for decades. The head, right foot, and arms have never been recovered. Cracks from reconstruction cover the body. Still, much of the Nike has been restored to a recognizable and detailed sculpture. â€Å"†¦it was in the exedra or portico of the elevated Sanctuary of the Great Gods that this massive Nike was displayed, shown as if she were alighting on the prow of a ship. The sculpted prow itself was a set in a pool of water, whose surface must have been ruffled by sea breezes† (Spivey 207) The piece is a free standing sculpture made of Rhodesian marble. The date of the piece is highly debated because of the wide period that the style took place in. After the conquest of Alexander the Great, the High Classical style was frozen in time for centuries with few stylistic changes. However, most scholars attribute the work to have been commissioned between 300 BC and 31 BC by Demetreius, son of Alexander the Great. The cause for construction was a victory, most likely the great naval battle of Ptolemy off the islands of Cypriot Salamis and led by Demetreius. Demetreius was accepted as a self proclai...

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example It generates a complete consumption experience that makes customers engrossed in their shopping endeavor. There are various experiential retailing environments determining consumer behavior; however, in this paper, selected environment is a flagship brand store, specifically, Abercrombie & Fitch corporations. The paper illustrates how a flagship brand store like Abercrombie fit in an experiential environment. As economy and innovation increases, retailers are changing the flagship brand store into innovative criteria like the themed retail brand environments (Kozinets et al. 2002). The paper analyzes Abercrombie & Fitch Corporation as one of the experiential retailing environment. The analysis concerns the approaches the corporation uses to influence consumer behavior. Abercrombie & Fitch Corporation is a themed retail Brand Corporation that creates sexiness as the symbolic dress code for young adults. The young adult customers are lured into Abercrombie & Fitch stores because of the store’s sex attraction (Pahler 2009). It has created a body symbol that promotes and implies erotic and sexual lifestyles. The symbolic meaning of the store coincides with the targeted consumers, young adults’ population, who are attracted by sexy attires. It is a store competent of sustaining the highly challenging fashion customs. However, the store’s implied lifestyle has its ramifica tions. It is seen as too offensive and even unpleasant. However, the store-targeted consumers identify with store’s objective. The store’s culture is shown through the seductive and enticing exhibitions of models in their clothing (Pahler 2009). Because young adults are considerably more suggestible than the older population, the store targets this consumer group with their sexual promotions. The symbolic meaning of Abercrombie and Fitch clothing store is an attraction option for young adults with sex affiliations and great

Women like Chanel Bags Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Women like Chanel Bags - Essay Example In a period when luxury products have been the subject of intensive discussion and debate, current consumers are willing to offer considerably higher amounts of money for luxury products as a display of a particular product brings prestige to the owner apart from the functional utility. Luxury items are becoming a necessity as more than 51 percent women in Tokyo purchase Chanel bags. It is further important to mention that luxury consumption is influenced by factors such as brand image, quality, fashion, store atmosphere and patron status. There are contrasting views from Vigneron and Johnson who believe that categorization of luxury products, hedonist and perfectionists are more interested in pleasure derived from the use of luxury products and less interested in price rather than the quality of product, and its performance which leaves the debate open for discussion whether luxury products are bought for quality or just for the sake of prestige. The market for a luxury product is increasing with increasing income among the middle and high society which forces the manufacturers to provide fashionable items to its consumers which are durable and utilized optimally. Schroeder (1291) mentioned that typical turns in an art, artists, and aesthetics in management and marketing often involve ill-defined groping for innovation, creativity or play. The viability of a fashion brand is dependent upon the efficacy and appropriateness of the decisions of those responsible for its management.

Examining The Refugee And Immigrant Children Social Work Essay

Examining The Refugee And Immigrant Children Social Work Essay   Rossiter and Rossiter review a study that was conducted in order to attain a deeper perspective of the migrating youth into Canadian society; they discuss the risk factors both in the community setting and within the individual. These studies first discussed negative factors affecting the youth and positive factors assisting the youth to not fall into criminal behavior. Lastly, both authors discuss a solution that I would like to classify it in order to understand these gap and misinterpretation between a trouble both within and outside the youth.   Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) state that youth who migrate to Canada with their family are faced with issues from back home, such as pre-migration violence and trauma were reported to be predisposing risk factors for youth involvement in violent and criminal activity in Canada: many youth from refugee camps have witnessed or experienced violence (e.g. rape, murder, and torture) and suffer from depression, nightmares, flashbacks and or disturbed sleep patterns (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 9). A youth arriving in a country that has already developed their own culture and unique mother of tongue can further create a bigger barrier for the youth in terms of acclimating to this new society, their new home.   Social services representative discuss the complications of integration that can cause stress or anxiety-all their symptoms basically prevent them from learning and adapting (As cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.9). These youth experience pressure to fit in when it comes to the school system. They are encountered with peer pressure or alienation (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.9) as association with antisocial peers, however, can lead to violent altercations and crime (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.9). Education was one area where it was classified as a positive impact encouraging youth to act in a positive manner (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.4).   Due to the alienation that youth experience due to the want of fitting in within their peers, criminal justice representative said education was seen as extremely important for immigrant and refugee youth: Not having [education] is whats creating the push in the other direction, and having it is what would save them (As cit ed by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 13). Creating these barriers furthermore sets this youth to drop out and as a school is seen as a recruitment into drug-related crimes (Pg.10). While seeing the complications that the lack of education can cause we can acknowledge the importance of school and education towards the future of the youth.   Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) discuss how youth first entering Canada with their families are seen to be lead by the government into subsidized housing (p.11) due to their lack of finances thus, these youth may not have the same economic standing as their peers. This makes the youth feel uncomfortable leading to the youth having to deal with an inner struggle between wants and needs (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 9). The authors made it clear that contributing factors such as: family support and stability, socio-economic status, physical and mental health, age of arrival, language proficiency, interpersonal skills social networks, personal resilience, employment opportunities and housing and neighborhood, among others (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 4) are seen as a pushing negative factor and also a helpful positive factor for the youth to get out of troubles in the criminal system. The authors prescribe mentorship and school activities to assist these youth out of the negativ e criminal behavior (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 13-14). They discuss how teachers are often unaware of the challenges faced by immigrant and refugee students, and the education system itself is ill prepared to meet their complex needs. Isolation and a lack of social support at school and in the wider community mean that immigrant and refugee youth may be left with few options, and antisocial peers involved in drugs, crime and gangs may be perceived as attractive alternatives (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.16). Family and community support along with Maslows hierarchy of needs should be in place in order to assist these youth.   Families seen to be living in poverty are often unable to meet the physiological and safety needs of their children; at-risk youth who go to school without breakfast or lunch and live in subsidized housing may be especially vulnerable. Youth who lack close relationships to family, school and community or who suffer from feelings of inadequacy or failu re are easy targets for gangs who promise to fulfill their needs for belonging and self-esteem. (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.16). The authors review the negative and positive influences that contribute to the idea of where funding should be focused. The authors provide the reader with a qualitative research method to get a better understanding by talking to adults who experienced youth criminal activities due to the barriers put forth. It is also important to note that the authors touched upon the lack of statistical research that is brought forth to the public that shows if immigrant and refugee youth are the only ones big in numbers in the jail system.   Refugee children in Canada: searching for an identity written by Fantino and Colak (2001) provide an overview of migration issues that arise and the troubles that these children are faced with pre and post arrival into Canada. Fantino and Colak (2001) discuss how the children migrating with their families bring with them issues that they face while coming to a new country as a refugee trauma from witnessing violent crimes, language difficulties, family disruption, and adjustment to a different culture-in addition to the challenges that accompany childhood and growing up (p. 587). Fantino and Colak (2001) draw comparison between immigrant children versus a refugee child. They both write how both classes deal with migration and endure the push-and-pull forces of home and school, which often work in opposite directions (p.589). As we are taught to believe that immigrants face less barriers due to their receipt of citizenship Fantino and Colak do not fail to portray the similarities of both groups.   Both may encounter societys discrimination and racism, and developing a sense of identity-while trying to bridge generational and cultural gaps (Fantino and Colak 2001, p.589). Perhaps the greatest threat to these children is not the stress of belonging to two cultures but the stress of belonging to none (p.589.) If these children receive a sense of belonging this can open up and increase their self-esteem and further avoid future barriers and inner fights within the child.   One specific concentration that Fantino and Colak (2001) bring forth is the desire for children in the school setting to be accepted by their peer group, be seen as a dependent and a master by interpreting for their parents (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p.589) these factors can contribute to the sense of belonging discussed earlier. These children are in essence parentified as they face the pressure of interpreting for their parents (p. 589).   This pressure can have a dramatic effect on the child as they are given adult responsibility in settings they are not familiar with. Fantino and Colak (2001) wonder if children really do adapt better to society (p.591). They discuss the trouble of parents with the lack of communication they have with their children (p.590). Fantino and Colak refer to these refugee children as children without history (p. 594). Both authors bring forth ideas of the host country providing a positive act in order to make integration as a positive role for the c hild and family.   One key factor in determining success is the reception of newcomers by the host society (p.589). Task force on mental healthi issues affecting immigrants and refugees (1998) writes that settlement support services, schools, health and social services and the community at large play a crucial role in assisting and supporting children to adjust and integrate into Canadian society (As cited by Fantino and Colak, 2001, p. 589). Fantino and Colak (2001) believe that in order for successful integration we must not ignore the parents who might also be facing trauma prior to arrival. They state that their challenge is to meaningfully integrate their history with the present and future realities of Canada (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p.595) it is only until we as Canadians work as a team to provide a safe haven for newcomers where we can assist and cater to their needs to provide them with adequate housing and support systems. As Fantino and Colak discuss migration trouble pre and post migration both authors do not fail to give Canadians a role on easy adaptation and this sense of guidance makes the struggle of migration as a societal problem and not solely a problem just with the migrating child with their family     Analytic discussion:   Both readings discuss the resolutions and the causes of what a child and youth experience as they migrate to a new country. The identified theme of the harm of migration to the individual at hand arises concerns and a deep look at why changes should be in place to assist the migrating newcomers. By looking deeply at the barriers/causes placed by society we will gain insight on understanding why. Both articles gather information by using a qualitative research method that asks children and adults who were deviant youth in the past about problems faced by both immigrant and refugee children and youth; both articles looked at the trouble faced within the individual and the trouble put on by society. Both articles answer questions of why and how these issues arise, both articles discuss solutions and the lack of statistics that would help to really understand the criminal system in regards to over population of immigrant and refugees in the institution. As both articles take on such approaches to understanding migration and the effect it has on children regarding identity and youth portraying criminal behavior I will provide an analytic discussion in regard to the theme of troubles of migration faced by the immigrant and refugee child and youth. By discussing how the comparison of both articles both discussed the lack of identity the youth and child face, both articles discussed support systems, whether it was lacking or being seen as a great contributor for successful migration, education as a primary target for success in the individual and lastly community assistance that the host community must act upon. As all articles discuss the implication pre and post the childs and youths migration I still believe that further questions need to be asked in order to get a more holistic and complete view of migration difficulties and criminal behavior that the child and youth experience.   Who is a refugee or immigrant youth or child when they come to Canada? It is to this thought that we can look at the identity of these young adults and children being challenged when entering a new country such as Canada. We are taught through both articles that when an individual such as a youth and child enter Canada we must realize the issues they have faced at home that might of led them to migrate: trauma from witnessing violent crimes, language difficulties, family disruption, and adjustment to a different culture-in addition to the challenges that accompany childhood and growing up (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p. 587). When one reads such statements I cant help but ask why arent these individuals dealing with the issues back home? Could it be that the government can no longer be trusted? Why migrate? Is Canada being portrayed to other countries as a loving, welcoming country? If so, we must change this. Canada being classified as a harmonious country or not has issues of its own. We are dealing with employment difficulties, high taxes, and are still involved in a war where other cultures are still being seen as a threat. Are we setting up this migrating youth with unrealistic expectations of Canada? Is this our fault as Canadians that we are simply setting up a trap for this migrating victims to have a difficult life in Canada?  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issues back home which may have pushed their migration to Canada is not the only issue that these age groups experience. They also witness and experience issues in their new land, and this act should simply put the blame on us, on Canadians.  Support system in the school setting is seen to be lacked and to be a great contributor to be the line of helping the youth and child to avoid criminal behavior. The development of positive relationships with caring adults in the school setting, such as ESL or mainstream teachers, counselors and school resources officers, was also considered to be a protective factor. In some schools, member of ethno-cultural communities offer approved courses designed to help students develop identity and intercultural competence (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 14).   After school programs where the student can receive assistance in studies or being involved in recreational activities can provide an outlet for the student to develop an identity by taking interest in other activities and also assisting with developing relationship with other students or guides. This not only provides them with a family setting in the school atmosphere but also an family unit when parents struggle to understand the school setting or simply when parents do not have much involvement with their children due to work or emotional difficulties. Dedicated workers such as these are helping youth exit gangs, offering them opportunities for success and keeping others from becoming involved with drugs and crime (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 14) As this form of assistance provides the assistance of the host community it shows how we can contribute positively to the outcome of the future of the new generation. As this is so, we must be aware of the access these children a nd youth have to schooling. Funding is needed for better schooling not only for these newcomers but also for youth all around. In Canada the cost to incarcerate a youth for 1 year is approximately $100,000 (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.3), and sending your child to school has no cost then leaves the question of why spend so much in incarcerating youth involved in criminal activity when such money can go into schooling where programs can arise from? As we should be addressing the crime taken in each community (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 3) we know that education can be seen as a way out for these youth to avoid them from falling into a trap of gang involvement and provide these children with a sense of identity and skills this is an investment that will not only help the migrating newcomer individual but where society would also benefit from. Derwing et al. (1999) and Watt and Roessingh (1994,2001) state that studies of school dropout rates of immigrant youth have indicated th at 46-74% of immigrant youth whose native language is not English fail to complete high school (As cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 4) doesnt society see the need for funding?   Community assistance needs to be put in force in order for these youth and children to experience an easy adaptation to Canadian society. Communities provide a learning experience by comforting the individual and providing an exit from any future criminal activity that might come through the youths and childs life. These could be centralized in a love reception center, with ongoing follow-up and support in school and community setting (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.17.) Providing these follow-ups with children, youth and their families will give these newcomers being a immigrant or refugee a voice and provide a further perspective of changes and improvements that could be more active.   Social services assistance: including language translation services; help in location permanent housing and accessing English language classes; a community orientation; referrals to health and social services; including professional counseling services; and other services as needed (Fantino and Col ak, 2001, p. 590). Such services can also be seen to benefit the family unit as a whole as it is helping all members of the family to access and be aware of the services provided by the host community, and can also be seen as a contributor in helping family bonds strengthening when migration can be viewed as a challenging phase for the family. Permanent housing should include specifications and be geographically located where criminal behavior is not the face of that community. Peer ambassador programmers that carefully match newcomers with more established immigrants from the same culture can also be very helpful (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p.590) If newcomers encounter other newcomers they will feel a sense of   hope as they will see that their present challenges were possible to be overcome; this will provide the recent newcomer with a sense that they can do it. We can make a change, so why in a country where 11.2% of the total population of 31 million identify themselves as members of a visible minority (Fantino and Colak 2001, p.588) are being faced with such troubles? In a country where employment is seen as hard to get regarding youth employment why are we not addressing this problem? We realize that the Canadian Baby Boomers are affecting work labor in the present society (Foot, 1998, 82) so how can we assist these youth to find a job when the baby boomers are occupying the majority of the labor market? Do we need more jobs specifically targeted to this population? Why are we still letting in refugee and immigrant families when we can barely assist those already in Canada? Why is Canada still setting up a trap for these newcomers? As I agree with the standings and arguments/solutions that both articles make, I do believe that more questions need to be asked, mostly questions regarding Canada and why Canada is still letting this happen. Heller (1995) along with Jiwani (2002) and Roberts (2002) state that ethnic minorities and those with English or French language difficulties, are disproportionately represented in the Canadian criminal justice system (as cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 2) and Canadas lack of providing statistics related to race and ethnicity can further show that numbers need to be put into place in order to understand migration issues and complication. Without numbers can it be fair to say that Canada is contributing to the problem? Without numbers can Canada take a position and assist solely on word of mouth? Providing this overview can be frustrating to understand how to tackle such an issue of migration, but I do believe that in order for us to understand, numbers that are lacked in the prison system if minorities really do make up the population in the jail system needs to be placed. Rossiter and Rossiter state that such a study might increase discrimination towards these individuals (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.3) but how can we help a group without knowing statistics? Since Rossiter and Rossiter tackles such a perspective it leaves the question if Fantino and Colak say that the host community must assist these newcomers due to the issues surrounding this population how can we assist youth as a community when we are unaware of youth involvement in criminal behavior for example? Without data, Canadians are left in the dark, and this must change.   We must make a change to recognize these newcomers diplomas (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.4.) and degrees to set them up for the work field in order for fairness and these barriers to fall down in favor of those newcomers. My approach to the solution of ending criminal behavior is to look at societal resolutions and also understand the change that needs to be placed. I believe that working with the individual and not for the individual will further assist these individuals on a personal identity level and guide them through the services that can help. Both articles bring upon an analytical overview of migration and the effects brought on by the host community and the services lacking these migrating youth and children. As we understand migration to have a negative effect on individuals we also must not rule out the good that migration can do, such as providing a safe haven for these newcomers from escaping from the harsh realities they faced back home. By communities gathering as a welcoming committee in order to provide the newcomers with a welcoming atmosphere the community must do more than accept the realities of just adapting to a mosaic country. We must work together to provide support for the ch ild, youth and their families. We must acknowledge the contributions that each youth and child carries within them and be culturally accepting. It can be instilled that the children are our future, and no matter what country these children and youth come from, all should be given a fair opportunity.   Ã‚  

Comparative Essay: Metamorphosis and Oedipus Essay

Metamorphosis by Frank Kafka and Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, although written in completely different time periods and by different authors, still deal with similar issues. One issue that they have in common is family relationships, how they are broken, then connected again. Gregor from Metamorphosis has a strong love for his sister and counts on her to be there for him, but when the most horrific thing happens to him, surprisingly it is his mother who cares for him more. And Oedipus, in Oedipus Rex, his mother rejects him at birth, but ironically takes him in later as her husband. Gregor and Oedipus had very different relationships with their families yet eventually or the inability to perceive reality.  The relationship that Gregor and Oedipus had with their mothers shows how the position or family member’s status really does matter in ones reality. â€Å"It was†¦.a child of Laius’ house.†(Oedipus pg.58) Oedipus realizes that when he was born his mother in stantly rejected him because of a prophecy. â€Å"Yes, master- They said ’twas on account of some wicked spell.† (Oedipus pg.58) Jocasta sends Oedipus to be killed in order to keep her husband safe. â€Å"†¦. And husband, to the woman who bore him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Oedipus pg.38) As the years go by, Jocasta later takes in Oedipus, ironically, unaware that he is her son, and marries him. Yet strangely enough she wants him when he is grown and his true identity is not known, while when he was born, she wanted him dead. Just as Jocasta did to Oedipus, in Metamorphosis, Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s mother did not pay much attention to him when he was a normal person. Instead she ignored him generally and then later when he turned into a bug gave him great amounts of attention and love. Ironically during the play of Oedipus Rex, Jocasta takes on a motherly role towards Oedipus even though she is now his wife by saying, â€Å"What is the means of this loud argument , you quarrelsome men? You are making much of some unimportant grievance.† (Oedipus pg.43) Jocasta realizes that Oedipus is her son and again rejects him by killing herself. Gregor too was used by his family yet in his case it was for the income he brought into the house. Both Jocasta and Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s mother only acknowledged them after they went through some kind of transformation. Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s mother wanted to see him and seemed to be the only one who wasn’t repulsed by him being a bug. Yet she had a very ironic presence in the novel as before hand it was his sister who had really cared for him and now couldn’t stand him. Through this, he saw the reality of the relationships he had been exposed to all his life. The Oedipus complex is when the boy understands that he has to become just like his father to impress his mother. This occurs with Oedipus when he marries Jocasta and would of course try to be better than her last husband without knowing that it was actually his father. Both Gregor and Oedipus connect with their mothers to a great extent yet ironically spend most of their lives in a battle with their fathers and unintentionally trying to become them. Every father and son has some type of struggle at some point in their lives to see who will succeed and who is better. Oedipus and Gregor are two men who die fighting in this struggle against their fathers to find the stability in their new lives. Gregor is used by his father and his family for the income that he supplies yet when he turns into a bug his father despises him and refuses to believe that it is his son. â€Å"If only his father did not keep making this intolerable hissing sound! It made Gregor lose his head completely.†(Metamorphosis pg.19) His father turns into a threatening figure and begins to hiss. â€Å"One apple, thrown weakly, grazed Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s back and slid off harmlessly. But the very next one that came flying after it literally forced its way into Gregors back.† (Metamorphosis pg. 39) His father’s hissing is a symbol of him being intimidated and the apple thrown at Gregor was a symbol of something being forced onto him. These serve as metaphors for Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s perception of reality towards the challenges of life. Gregor tries to escape his father, but his father chooses to fight and wound Gregor. In contrast, it is Oedipus who wounds his father and eventually kills him. Between these two characters, it is Oedipus who conquers his father, where as Gregor never accomplished that goal. Gregors relationship with father before was tolerable, but Gregor was not intimate with his father or anyone else. He seemed to block himself from any emotion that took place in his life. As soon as he turns into a bug his family no longer appreciates him. Oedipus’s downfall is brought about when he finally sees the truth that he himself killed his father and then as a result chooses to blind himself from the world. As Tiresias says to Oedipus, â€Å"You are pleased to mock my blindness. Have you eyes, and cannot see what company you keep?† (Oedipus pg.37) Oedipus goes through his life being blind to the fact that he killed his father. He then chooses to blind himself because he killed his father and does not want to see the people he has hurt anymore. â€Å"They had just gotten used to it, the family as well as Gregor, the money was received with thanks and give with pleasure, but no special feeling of warmth went with it any more.† (Metamorphosis p.27) Gregor goes through life before he turns into a bug being blind to the fact that his parents are using him and only realizes it when he turns into a bug and sees how his family all of a sudden take part in their own lives and go out and work and worry about income. The reason for Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s death is that his father lodged an apple in his back and this ended up killing him. What seems most ironic about Metamorphosis is that Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s last thoughts were about his parents. In conclusion Oedipus Rex and Metamorphosis are comparable on a basic level. Their family relationships were very similar and at the end, led to both of Gregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s and Oedipus’ downfall. This shows that the theme of family relationship is a common and possibly, an important theme.

“Live on Purpose”

I'm talking about a keeping up with someone when the spotty light is off, the camera crew had left, when a school year Is almost up and that child's is struggling to past the next assignment, when they are so extracted by social media and you can take out a few seconds of your busy schedule and say, hey kid, I'm just checking on you to make sure your k, making sure your still good on your grades, attendance and still working toward your career goals. Is there anything I can help you with?Just a simple meager like that to reach out each month to stay connected to your minute. I'm asking if you can take out the time to Join in with me for this purpose. Originally stated with the goal of housing this event on September 6, I've had to reschedule it for several reasons. You wouldn't believe all the word things that has tried to keep me from doing this event from people bashing out In me, greedy agents, sponsors sending fraud cashier checks, venue over booking, all kinds of madness.But wha t has mad me strive to do this event Is not only am I using this event as a project for my dissertation for my doctoral degree but I have so many young people that are begging me to be apart of this event that it surprising me. I was a little nervous because I wanted to make sure I made it fun for them so they would want to come and get involved. I know we are competing with social media. When the little girl from our neighborhood was murdered a few months ago, I now social media had a lot to do with it, my baby daughter Is struggling with social media.She uses this new thing call â€Å"tab† (to be honest) to allow her friends to rage her. They rate each other from 1-10 in Mainstream and then they put symbols by the number they give you . If you don't get a high enough most kids go back and change their looks. Especially the girls, they change their hair, as make up, show more body arts and start transforming to change their ratings to become more acceptable. I've looked for my daughter & niece and they would be In the restroom, transforming to improve ratings.I've found pictures of them where they look like grown women all professionals in your field to help me. This is event has grown over me and my budget. But I'm not asking for your money, I'm asking for your time. I need mentors. Guys, if you're actors, performers, athletes your participation is helpful because they can be in touch with some realistic in these careers that can keep them connected to hat career goal.Doctors, lawyers, chefs, teachers, pastors, truck drivers, entrepreneurs, d]'s, seamstress, tailors, scientists, engineers, real estate agents, politicians, event planners, farmers, producers, laborers, travel agents, housewives, barbered, beauticians, models,graphic assigner, and any other career professional. We don't want to miss anyone. We want to stay connected the whole school year. This pep rally will be the Jump off for the project. We have an electronic seem to sigh up with pare ntal consent and and after the event we will pair 5-7 kids with a mentor in he same field.So we are teaching demodulating skills also. The mentor connects through Mainstream once a month and depending on scheduling, parental consent, teen participation and funding we will have pep rallies and other events to meet up for special occasions either as a whole or for the smaller groups. Will you Join me or respond for more details about the event. All mentors will be screened before being paired up whir the children. Thank for your time, and I look forward to working with you on you project. Special Thanks to The Epilepsy Foundation and Platinum Entertainment Group.

Security Vs. Privacy Should Edward Snowden Be Pardoned...

Security vs. Privacy Should Edward Snowden be pardoned for leaking thousands of classified NSA documents? An analysis of the merits of the Snowden leaks and the broader issue of security vs. privacy and mass surveillance from the perspective of at least two ethical theories. Following the terrorist attacks on 911, President George W. Bush signed into law The USA PATRIOT Act. Intended to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, The Patriot Act the made changes to surveillance laws that enabled the U.S government collection of computer information about both American and foreign citizens. During the following years through a series of legislative changes and court decisions The United States National Security Agency was gradually granted the authority to collect information on a massive scale and to implement programs such as PRISM, which collects internet communications from at least nine major US internet companies such as Google, Facebook Yahoo and Apple , XKEYSCORE which gave the NSA the ability to secretly access databases containing emails, online chats and the browsing histories of millions of individuals, MYSTIC which allows to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several entire countries, as well as many othe r programs with similar mass surveillance capabilities . To put it in simple terms this, together programs essentially enables almost unlimited surveillance of anyone and everyone anywhere in the world regardless of that